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  • 1.  Enslaved Persons Research Tool

    Posted 12-07-2014 03:29 PM
    I attended a conference on slavery a few years ago, where a woman gave a frustrated and impassioned plea for plantations to be more forthcoming with data involving enslaved people. She had been trying to find her ancestor, and for her, to be told over and over, that "we don't have that information" was nothing short of emotional trauma. 

    Imagine if each Historic House Museum with a slave-holding past posted what they knew about their enslaved communities? Sure, the material is slim, but the database below is composed almost entirely of public records. What a step it would be in meeting the needs of their constituents!

    http://www.oakalleyplantation.com/news/oak-alley-announces-new-slavery-research-tool


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    Laura Kilcer VanHuss
    Curator of Collections
    Kenner LA
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  • 2.  RE: Enslaved Persons Research Tool

    Posted 12-08-2014 09:01 AM
    Laura,

    Thank you for addressing this issue. It has been a long standing issue for many researchers including myself but more frustrating for none museum professionals or academics. In addition to Oak Valley, the River Road African American Museum in Donaldsonville, LA has a deal of sources and information about the enslaved in that region. Other African American Museums and archives have been telling these stories and preserving records for decades including the Avery Research Center in Charleston, SC; and the Virginia Historical Society has a database of plantations and enslaved. Check out the Maryland State Archives, and Charles Wright Museum of African American History online searchable programs for slavery and abolitionism. At the recent Afro-American Historical & Genealogical Society national conference in Pittsburgh (Oct. 2014) their was much discussion about documented the enslaved past of family history.  
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    Samuel Black
    Curator of African American Collections
    Senator John Heinz History Center
    Pittsburgh PA
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  • 3.  RE: Enslaved Persons Research Tool

    Posted 12-08-2014 09:14 AM
    Not to state the obvious, but that info needs to find its way into site interpretations, as well.  I was in a historic house museum in SC several years ago, on a tour with a docent.  Verbal references to former enslaved residents of the site were few and far between, and visual references were non-existent.  When I asked her directly what else was known about the people who would have spent their lives serving the white family that she'd just spent 45 minutes describing in great detail, she summed it up by saying "we don't know very much, but I'm sure the family would have had all the help they needed."

    Seriously?  Even the smallest site with the most limited funding can do better than that.


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    James Mackay
    Director
    The Lyceum
    Alexandria VA
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  • 4.  RE: Enslaved Persons Research Tool

    Posted 12-08-2014 10:24 AM

    Good morning,
    Having researched my African-American genealogy in detail for over 18 years, a lot of the accounting logs were destroyed during the civil war by plantation owners to hide their assets or keep their information from falling into (what they considered) enemy hands. Those logs/records that survive tend to be held tightly by descendants who may not feel comfortable sharing the details of their families past, especially those who feel the past is best left to "the past." The best kept records tend to be the tax records and wills found in the county court houses, but those records tend to be difficult to search because they aren't properly indexed. Unfortunately, some records only come to light when they are found by mistake or so much time has passed the keepers of the records feel the time is right to let go. It's a no win situation for all, but for African-Americans it's the loss of heritage to identify with the past that is so important to human evolution. 

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    Rochelle Coslow-Robinson
    Exhibit Programs Director
    AACA Museum - Antique Auto Club of America
    Hershey PA
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  • 5.  RE: Enslaved Persons Research Tool

    Posted 12-08-2014 11:00 AM
    James, 

    Definitely! I think that is something that a lot of sites are struggling with to different degrees. There are those who will openly say "thats not part of our story" others who are trying to encourage change but find it difficult in having a staff committed to that change.

    Just from my own observations, sites that are more remote are the ones that struggle the most. While those closer to cities are more likely to have an educated employment pool, those in rural areas often attract local history "buffs." These docents can be some of the most passionate and fantastic people, but the issue becomes that their personal sense of heritage (history as was told to them by great grandad) becomes what they "know" to be "history." As a result, not only do you have a docent who is given a very inaccurate--and even offensive--presentation but you also have someone who is incredibly defensive about what they "know." This is something that is a very real challenge. I know at my own site, I have some amazing docents who will make sure that you do not leave without a real understanding of what a plantation is all about, but I also have quite a few who are committed to the core to the "Golden Age of the South" narrative. 

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    Laura Kilcer VanHuss
    Curator of Collections
    Kenner LA
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  • 6.  RE: Enslaved Persons Research Tool

    Posted 12-08-2014 11:54 AM
    In a sense the staff members were correct: they really did not have that information, especially if the visitor meant information on the specific people who lived at that location. In many locations, not even the names of the enslaved have survived, although, for 19th-century locations, and for many 17th and 18th century ones, the names of the enslaved were recorded in the probate/estate inventories of their owners. Finding enslaved ancestors can be extremely difficult and requires a great deal of research that historic site staff may not have the time or resources to do.

    However, it is very possible to find out about the lives of enslaved people in the aggregate, and the details of their lives. One of the first examples of this kind of research is historian Lorena Walsh's book, From Calabar to Carter's Grove: The History of a Virginia Slave Community, published in 1997 by the University of Virginia Press. Lorena studied existing legal records, family papers, archaeology, newspaper advertisements and other documentation to construct the history of this community. In the 17 years since the book was first published, other historians have done similar work.

    In 1989, at the reconstructed Carter's Grove Slave Quarter, I worked with other curatorial staff members at Colonial Williamsburg to furnish interiors that reflected the types of objects that enslaved women and men lived with at various economic levels within the slave community. For the thousands of visitors, both black and white, who visited the site before it was closed in 2002, it was a revealing look at how the legal status of enslavement was not necessarily reflected in their material culture.

    Today, with the kinds of digitized information utilized by the Oak Alley staff, it is very possible to know more about the real people who lived at these sites. But it still takes time, effort and, most of all, funding, to do the work!

    List members may be interested in two new books that will be published this month by Rowman & Littlefield in cooperation with AASLH: Interpreting Slavery at Museum and Historic Sites by Kristin L. Gallas and James DeWolf Perry, and Interpreting African American History and Culture at Museums and Historic Sites, edited by Max van Balgooy. Shameless self-promotion: I wrote a chapter on furnishing period rooms of both enslaved and free African Americans as a tool in interpreting their lives.

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    Martha Katz-Hyman
    Curator
    Jamestown-Yorktown Foundation
    Williamsburg VA
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  • 7.  RE: Enslaved Persons Research Tool

    Posted 12-08-2014 03:36 PM

    In 1830, the year before he died, President James Monroe owned 66 enslaved African Americans at his estate, Oak Hill, in Loudoun County, Virginia.  It was the largest enslaved population in the county at that time.  Researchers Lori Kimball and Wynne Saffer have done fantastic work in documenting this population.  Their research has shed new light on who these people were, and the considerable mobility some were permitted.  It also shows the stark contrast between Monroe's apparent concern for them as human beings on the one hand, and on the other his readiness to sell them when his personal financial situation was difficult.  Kimball and Saffer hope to locate living descendants of one or more of the population.  Their research is available on the Thomas Balch Library's website at http://www.leesburgva.gov/home/showdocument?id=8851.

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    Scott Harris
    Director
    James Monroe Museum and Memorial Library
    Fredericksburg VA
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  • 8.  RE: Enslaved Persons Research Tool

    Posted 12-09-2014 09:32 AM

    A very roundabout and laborious way to find this information is through historic bank records. An interesting bit of American banking history that not many people know is that when a bank merges or buys-out another bank that existed or is parent bank t oa bank that existed prior to the emancipation, the parent bank must research the history of the bank they are buying out to discern if this bank ever held slaves for equity. Researchers are hired to go do the leg work. If the bank did hold slaves, the parent bank has to put in print that they are purchasing a bank that used to earn equity from slavery.
    Historic bank records often list their customer's holdings in great detail, including slaves by name and age. If one can trace the history of the community bank, they could likely find these ledgers in county or state libraries. However, finding the specific repository for the historic bank records can be a struggle.



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    Robin Lawrence
    Rights and Reproductions Assistant
    Indianapolis IN
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  • 9.  RE: Enslaved Persons Research Tool

    Posted 12-09-2014 09:33 AM
    Martha, Thank you for teasing our book - "Interpreting Slavery at Museums and Historic Sites."  It will be available in early January.  More information can be found on the Rowman and Littlefield website: https://rowman.com/ISBN/9780759123274. We specifically address how to incorporate research and collections in to comprehensive and conscientious interpretation of slavery.  My co-author and colleague, James Perry, and I will be presenting a several conferences in 2015.  Keep an eye at the NCPH, ALHFAM, and AASLH conference programs.  We also do workshops at historic sites/museums - more information at: www.tracingcenter.org.

    -Kristin

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    Kristin Gallas
    Tsongas Industrial History Center
    Lowell MA
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  • 10.  RE: Enslaved Persons Research Tool

    Posted 12-09-2014 02:20 PM
    In this vein -- I was blown away by the outdoor exhibit "The President's House" on Independence Mall in Philadelphia. Incredible use of limited documentation to build full, moving pictures of the lives of the men and women held in bondage by George Washington when he lived in Philadelphia. The information about the role of slavery in the early years of the republic was also very well done. 

    http://www.nps.gov/inde/historyculture/the-presidents-house.htm

    Really love this thread -- great to see so many examples of historic sites interpreting this painful past.

    Mikala


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    Mikala Woodward
    Exhibit Director
    Wing Luke Museum of the Asian Pacific American Experience
    Seattle WA
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